Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
Volume 17, Issue 5 , Pages 243-246 , July 2010

Sexual dimorphism of the index to ring finger ratio in South Indian adolescents

  • Tanuj Kanchan, DFM, MD (Assistant Professor)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore 575001, India
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +91 9448252394; fax: +91 824 2428183.
    • ,
  • G. Pradeep Kumar, MD (Professor)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576104, India
    • ,
  • Ritesh G. Menezes, MD, DNB (Associate Professor)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore 575001, India
    • ,
  • Prateek Rastogi, MD (Associate Professor)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore 575001, India
    • ,
  • P.P. Jagadish Rao, MD, DNB (Assistant Professor)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore 575001, India
    • ,
  • Anand Menon, MD (Professor)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore 575001, India
    • ,
  • B. Suresh Kumar Shetty, MD (Associate Professor)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore 575001, India
    • ,
  • Y.P. Raghavendra Babu, MD (Assistant Professor)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore 575001, India
    • ,
  • Francis N.P. Monteiro, MD, DNB (Assistant Professor)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576104, India
    • ,
  • Prashantha Bhagavath, MD (Assistant Professor)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576104, India
    • ,
  • Vinod C. Nayak, MD (Associate Professor)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576104, India

Received 11 May 2009 ,Accepted 13 February 2010.

References 

  1. Abdel-Malek AK, Ahmed AM, el-Sharkawi SA, el-Hamid NA. Prediction of stature from hand measurements. Forensic Sci Int. 1990;46:181–187
  2. Bhatnagar DP, Thapar SP, Batish MK. Identification of personal height from the somatometry of the hand in Punjabi males. Forensic Sci Int. 1984;24:137–141
  3. Krishan K, Sharma A. Estimation of stature from dimensions of hands and feet in a North Indian population. J Forensic Leg Med. 2007;14:327–332
  4. Sanli SG, Kizilkanat ED, Boyan N, Ozsahin ET, Bozkir MG, Soames R, et al. Stature estimation based on hand length and foot length. Clin Anat. 2005;18:589–596
  5. Rastogi P, Nagesh KR, Yoganarasimha K. Estimation of stature from hand dimensions of north and south Indians. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2008;10:266–268
  6. Rastogi P, Kanchan T, Menezes RG, Yoganarasimha K. Middle finger length – a predictor of stature in the Indian population. Med Sci Law. 2009;49:123–126
  7. Shintaku K, Furuya Y. Estimation of stature based on the proximal phalangeal length of Japanese women's hands. J UOEH. 1990;12:215–219
  8. Meadows L, Jantz RL. Estimation of stature from metacarpal lengths. J Forensic Sci. 1992;37:147–154
  9. Smith SL. Attribution of hand bones to sex and population groups. J Forensic Sci. 1996;41:469–477
  10. Scheuer JL, Elkington NM. Sex determination from metacarpals and the first proximal phalanx. J Forensic Sci. 1993;38:769–778
  11. Lazenby RA. Identification of sex from metacarpals: effect of side asymmetry. J Forensic Sci. 1994;39:1188–1194
  12. Falsetti AB. Sex assessment from metacarpals of the human hand. J Forensic Sci. 1995;40:774–776
  13. Case DT, Ross AH. Sex determination from hand and foot bone lengths. J Forensic Sci. 2007;52:264–270
  14. Agnihotri AK, Purwar B, Jeebun N, Agnihotri S. Determination of sex by hand dimensions. Internet J Forensic Sci. 2006;1:Available at:[accessed 10.02.08] http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijfs/vol1n2/hand.xml
  15. Williams TJ, Pepitone ME, Christensen SE, Cooke BM, Huberman AD, Breedlove NJ, et al. Finger-length ratios and sexual orientation. Nature. 2000;404:455–456
  16. Kanchan T, Rastogi P. Sex determination from hand dimensions of North and South Indians. J Forensic Sci. 2009;54:546–550
  17. Kanchan T, Kumar GP, Menezes RG. Index and ring finger ratio – a new sex determinant in South-Indian population. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;181:53;e1–4
  18. Lippa RA. Are 2D: 4D finger-length ratios related to sexual orientation? Yes for men, no for women. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003;85:179–188
  19. Voracek M. Why digit ratio (2D:4D) is inappropriate for sex determination in medicolegal investigations. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;185:e29–e30
  20. McFadden D, Shubel E. Relative lengths of fingers and toes in human males and females. Horm Behav. 2002;42:492–500
  21. Manning JT, Callow M, Bundred PE. Finger and toe ratios in humans and mice: implications for the aetiology of diseases influenced by HOX genes. Med Hypotheses. 2003;60:340–343
  22. Manning JT, Scutt D, Wilson J, Lewis-Jones DI. The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and oestrogen. Humanit Rep. 1998;13:3000–3004
  23. Manning JT. Digit ratio: a pointer to fertility, behaviour, and health. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press; 2002;
  24. Voracek M, Loibl LM. Scientometric analysis and bibliography of digit ratio (2D:4D) research, 1998-2008. Psychol Rep. 2009;104:922–956

☆ Presented at the 18th Triennial Golden Jubilee Conference of the International Association of Forensic Sciences (IAFS 2008) held at New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

PII: S1752-928X(10)00028-4

doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2010.02.009

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
Volume 17, Issue 5 , Pages 243-246 , July 2010

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