Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
Volume 17, Issue 3 , Pages 115-119 , April 2010

Countermeasures to the problem of accidents to intoxicated pedestrians

Received 3 August 2009 ,Accepted 24 November 2009.

References 

  1. Hutchinson TP, Kloeden CN, Lindsay VL. Accidents to intoxicated pedestrians in South Australia. Report 061, Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide; 2009.
  2. Heise HA. Alcohol and automobile accidents. J Am Med Assoc. 1934;103:739–741
  3. Gonzales TA, Gettler AO. Alcohol and the pedestrian in traffic accidents. J Am Med Assoc. 1941;117:1523–1525
  4. Haddon W, Valien P, McCarroll JR, Umberger CJ. A controlled investigation of the characteristics of adult pedestrians fatally injured by motor vehicles in Manhattan. J Chronic Dis. 1961;14:655–678
  5. Oxley J, Lenné M, Corben B. The effect of alcohol impairment on road-crossing behaviour. Transport Res Part F. 2006;9:258–268
  6. McLean AJ, Brewer ND, Sandow BL. Adelaide in-depth accident study 1975–1979. Part 2: pedestrian accidents. Report from the road accident research unit (now the Centre for Automotive Safety Research), University of Adelaide; 1979.
  7. Cairney P, Coutts M. Behaviour patterns associated with fatal crashes involving intoxicated pedestrians—an analysis of the ATSB Coronial Database, 1999–2001. Presented at the Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference, held in Sydney; 2003. <http://www.rsconference.com/pdf/RS030022.pdf>.
  8. Cairney P, Stephenson W, Macaulay J. Preventing crashes involving intoxicated pedestrians. Stage 2—an analysis of Australian coronial records, 1999–2001. Austroads research report AP-R260/04. Sydney: Austroads; 2004. p. 63–119.
  9. Lang CP, Tay R, Watson B, Edmonston C, O’Connor E. Drink walking: an examination of the related behaviour and attitudes of young people. Presented at the Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference, held in Sydney; 2003. <http://www.rsconference.com/pdf/RS030022.pdf>.
  10. Wilson J, Fang M, LeBrun D. Locations for collisions involving alcohol and drug impaired pedestrians in urban areas. In: ICTCT-extra workshop (held in Vancouver), international cooperation on theories and concepts in traffic safety; 2003. <http://www.ictct.org/workshops/03-Vancouver/Wilson.pdf>.
  11. Alexander K, Cave T, Lyttle J. The role of alcohol and age in predisposing pedestrian accidents. Pedestrian accident project report no. 6. Report GR/90-11, Roads Corporation, Victoria, Australia; 1990.
  12. Brooks C. Alcohol speed and pedestrian safety. In:  Smith KP,  Aitken BG,  Grzebieta RH editor. Proceedings of the conference on pedestrian safety. Canberra: Panther Publishing & Printing, and Australian College of Road Safety; 1998;p. 111–121
  13. Austroads. Alcohol-impaired pedestrian crashes. Sydney: Austroads; 1998.
  14. Road Safety Committee, Parliament of Victoria. Walking safely. Inquiry into the incidence and prevention of pedestrian accidents. Melbourne: Victorian Government Printer; 1999. http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/rsc/walking/walking%20safely.pdf.
  15. Raistrick D, Heather N, Godfrey C. Review of the effectiveness of treatment for alcohol problems. London: National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse; 2006. <http://www.nta.nhs.uk>.
  16. Bergmark A. On treatment mechanisms—what can we learn from the COMBINE study?. Addiction. 2008;103:703–705
  17. Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy. National Alcohol Strategy 2006–2009; 2006. <http://www.alcohol.gov.au/internet/alcohol/publishing.nsf/Content/nas-06-09>.
  18. Loxley W, Toumbourou JW, Stockwell T. The prevention of substance use, risk and harm in Australia: a review of the evidence. Summary; 2004. <http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/health-pubhlth-publicat-document-mono_prevention-cnt.htm>.
  19. Moyer A, Finney JW, Swearingen CE, Vergun P. Brief interventions for alcohol problems: a meta-analytic review of controlled investigations in treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking populations. Addiction. 2002;97:279–292
  20. Jeffs B, Saunders W. Minimizing alcohol related offences by enforcement of the existing licensing legislation. Br J Addict. 1983;78:67–77
  21. Elliott B. Can we rely on deterrence theory to motivate safe road user behaviour? In: Proceedings of the annual conference of the Australasian college of road safety, Pearce, ACT, ACRS; 2008. p. 216–34. <http://www.acrs.org.au/srcfiles/Elliott.pdf>.
  22. McIlwain G, Homel R. Sustaining a reduction of alcohol-related harms in the licensed environment: a practical experiment to generate new evidence. Report from the Key Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice & Governance, Griffith University, Brisbane; 2009.
  23. Hamad A. The intoxicated pedestrian: tortious reflections. Tort Law Rev. 2005;13:14–39
  24. Perham N, Moore SC, Shepherd J, Cusens B. Identifying drunkenness in the night-time economy. Addiction. 2007;102:377–380
  25. Strecher VJ, Bauermeister JA, Shope J, Chang C, Newport-Berra M, Giroux A, Guay E. Interventions to promote safe driving behaviour: lessons learned from other health-related behaviours. In: Behavioural research in road safety 2006, sixteenth seminar. London: Department for Transport; 2006. p. 28–38.
  26. DeJong W. The role of mass media campaigns in reducing high-risk drinking among college students. J Studies Alcohol, Suppl. 2002;14:182–192
  27. Graham K. Preventive interventions for on-premise drinking: a promising but underresearched area of prevention. Contemp Drug Probl. 2000;27:593–668
  28. Hawks D. Why not a statutory blood alcohol level for drinking in public places?. Addiction. 2006;101:609
  29. Kypri K, Paschall MJ, Maclennan B, Langley JD. Intoxication by drinking location: a web-based diary study in a New Zealand university community. Addict Behav. 2007;32:2586–2596
  30. Romanus G. Don’t prejudge what is “politically possible”. Addiction. 2004;98:1366–1367
  31. Harris A. Intoxicated pedestrians. Discussion of possible behavioural interventions. In:  Smith KP,  Aitken BG,  Grzebieta RH editor. Proceedings of the conference on pedestrian safety. Canberra: Panther Publishing & Printing, and Australian College of Road Safety; 1998;p. 134–143
  32. Government of Victoria. Government response to the report of the road safety committee of parliament on the incidence and prevention of pedestrian accidents; 2000. <http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/rsc/government_responses/PedestrianAccidents.pdf>.
  33. Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission. TABC cracks down on public intoxication in an effort to reduce DWI’s. http://www.tabc.state.tx.us/pubinfo/pressreleases/2005/20050826.htm [accessed 26.08.05].
  34. Retting RA, Ferguson SA, McCartt AT. A review of evidence-based traffic engineering measures designed to reduce pedestrian-motor vehicle crashes. Am J Public Health. 2003;93:1456–1463
  35. Langham MP, Moberly NJ. Pedestrian conspicuity research: a review. Ergonomics. 2003;46:345–363
  36. Wood JM, Owens DA. Standard measures of visual acuity do not predict drivers’ recognition performance under day or night conditions. Optom Vis Sci. 2005;82:698–705

PII: S1752-928X(09)00197-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2009.11.004

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
Volume 17, Issue 3 , Pages 115-119 , April 2010

Article Tools