Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
Volume 16, Issue 3 , Pages 148-151 , April 2009

What constitutes a normal ante-mortem urine GHB concentration?

  • Francesco Mari (Study Design and Supervision)

      Affiliations

    • Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Legal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel./fax: +39 0557947208.
    • ,
  • Lucia Politi, PhD (Data Elaboration and Manuscript Writing)

      Affiliations

    • Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Legal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
    • ,
  • Claudia Trignano, MD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
    • ,
  • Maria Grazia Di Milia, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Legal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
    • ,
  • Marianna Di Padua, MD (Development and Performance of Analytical Procedures)

      Affiliations

    • Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Legal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
    • ,
  • Elisabetta Bertol (Study Design and Supervision)

      Affiliations

    • Forensic Toxicology Division, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Legal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy

Received 25 March 2008 ,Revised 30 July 2008 ,Accepted 16 August 2008.

References 

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  16. Yeatman DT, Reid K. A study of urinary endogenous gamma-hydroxy-butyrate (GHB) levels. J Anal Toxicol. 2003;27:40–42
  17. Crookes CE, Faulds MC, Forrest ARW, Galloway JH. A reference range for endogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate in urine by GC/MS. J Anal Toxicol. 2004;28:644–649
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  21. Le Beau MA, Montgomery MA, Morris-Kukoski C, Schaff JE, Deakin A, Levine B. A comprehensive study on the variations in urinary concentrations of endogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). J Anal Toxicol. 2006;30:98–105
  22. Moriya F, Nishimura H, Furumiya J, Hashimoto Y. Effects of drinking and smoking on endogenous levels of urinary gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, a preliminary study. Leg Med Tokyo. 2006;8:231–234
  23. Beránková K, Mutnanská K, Balíková M. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid stability and formation in blood and urine. Forensic Sci Int. 2006;161:158–162
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  25. Abanades S, Farré M, Segura M, Pichini S, Pastor A, Pacifici R, et al. Disposition of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in conventional and nonconventional biologic fluids after single drug administration: issues in methodology and drug monitoring. Ther Drug Monit. 2007;29:64–70

PII: S1752-928X(08)00178-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2008.08.014

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
Volume 16, Issue 3 , Pages 148-151 , April 2009

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