Bovvered? A legal perspective on the ASBO

References 

1. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/somerset/4297695.stm>. [All websites last accessed on 15 October 2006].
2. See, for example: Stanley Cohen, Folk devils and moral panics, London, Routledge, 2002 [first published 1972]; Dolan Cummings, ASBOs: Politicians behaving badly, Spiked, 21 April 2005 <www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/site/article/1102/>; Stuart Waiton, Anti-social behaviour: the construction of a crime, Spiked; 19 January 2006 <www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/site/article/5/>.
3. Nick Cohen, Thick end of the wedge, The Observer, 22 May 2005<http://www.guardian.co.uk/Columnists/Column/0,1489801,00.html>.
4. Crime and Disorder Act 1998, c 37. Important amendments have been made subsequently, by: the Police Reform Act 2002 (c 30); the Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 (c 38); the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c 44); the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (c 15); and the Drugs Act 2005 (c 17).
5. Labour Party, A quiet life: tough action on criminal neighbours, London; 1995.
6. The Guardian; 5 September 1995.
7. <www.crimereduction.gov.uk/asbos/asbos2(cjs)sept05.xls>.
8. <www.crimereduction.gov.uk/asbos/asbos2.htm>.
9. <www.crimereduction.gov.uk/asbos/asbos2(cjs)sept05.xls>.
10. <www.crimereduction.gov.uk/asbos/asbos2(la)sept05.xls>.
11. Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights, Report by Mr. Alvaro Robles-Gil, Commissioner for Human Rights, on his visit to the United Kingdom; 4–12 November 2004, CommDH (2005)6; 8 June 2005, <https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=865235&BackColorInternet=99B5AD&BackColorIntranet=FABF45&BackColorLogged=FFC679>.
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13. Crime and Disorder Act 1998, s 1(1A).
14. <www.crimereduction.gov.uk/asbos/asbos2.htm>.
15. Crime and Disorder Act 1998, s 1(1)(a).
16. Protection from Harassment Act 1997, c 40, ss 1 & 7(2).
17. Crime and Disorder Act 1998, s 1(1)(b).
18. Genesis, 2 v17. See also, Andrew Glennie, ASBOs – dictating the right terms of behaviour? New Law Journal, 16 December 2005, [p. 1929].
19. Lonergan v Lewes Crown Court and others [2005] supra.
20. R v P [2004] EWCA Crim 287 <www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Crim/2004/287.html>.
21. R v Boness [2005] EWCA Crim 2395 <www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Crim/2005/2395.html>.
22. Crime and Disorder Act 1998, s 1(10).
23. Clingham v Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea; R (McCann) v Manchester Crown Court [2002] UKHL 39 <www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld200102/ldjudgmt/jd021017/cling-1.htm>.
24. Home Affairs Select Committee, 2002, op cit.
25. Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights, 2005, op cit, para 116.
26. Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights, 2005, op cit, para 115.
27. Labour Party, A Quiet Life, 1995, op cit, p 6 [italics added].

28. “(1) No one shall be liable to be tried or punished again in criminal proceedings under the jurisdiction of the same State for an offence for which he has already been finally acquitted or convicted in accordance with the law and penal procedure of that State.”.

29. “No one shall be liable to be tried or punished again for an offence for which he has already been finally convicted or acquitted in accordance with the law and penal procedure of each country.”.
30. Home Affairs Select Committee, Anti-social behaviour: Fifth Report of Session 2004-05, HC 80-I, 5 April 2002. <www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmhaff/80/80.pdf/>.
31. National Association of Probation Officers (‘NAPO’), Anti-Social Behaviour Orders – Analysis of the First Six Years, London; July 2005, Case 6 <www.napo.org.uk>.
32. R v Hall [2004] supra; R v Kirby [2005] EWCA Crim 1228 www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Crim/2005/1228.html; R v Williams [2005] EWCA Crim 1796 www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Crim/2005/1796.html; R v Boness, Bebbington and others [2005] supra, paras 36–9 & 43.
33. R v Boness, Bebbington and others [2005], supra, para 31.
34. R v Morrison [2005] EWCA Crim 2237 www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Crim/2005/2237.html. But cf, R v Tripp [2005] EWCA Crim 2253 www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Crim/2005/2253.html.
35. R v Lamb [2005] supra, para 19.
36. NAPO, 2005, op cit, Cases 1, 11, 56 & 16.
37. Home Affairs Committee, 2005, op cit, vol I, para 73.
38. Stuart Macdonald, 2006, op cit, p. 199.
39. Labour Party, 1995, op cit.
40. Home Office, Anti-Social Behaviour Orders – Guidance, London, 1999 [italics added].
41. Home Office, A guide to anti-social behaviour orders, London, 2006, p. 8 <www.together.gov.uk/cagetfile.asp?rid=536>.
42. Burney E. Making People Behave: Anti-Social Behaviour Politics and Policy. Collumpton: Willan Publishing; 2005;p. 87–92 & 167–8
43. Sami Chakrabarti, Asbomania: From social and natural justice to mob rule? British Institute for Human Rights lecture; 10 January 2006 <www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/publication/3-articles-and-speeched/asbomania-bihr.PDF>.
44. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/south_yorkshire/5349392.stm>.
45. See, for example, Home Affairs Committee, 2005, op cit, vol I, paras 18–21. See also, Home Office, Development and Practice Report 26: Defining and Measuring Anti-Social Behaviour, London; 2004 <www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs04/dpr26.pdf>.
46. Wood Martin. Home Office, Findings 252: Perceptions and experiences of anti-social behaviour. London; 2004, <www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs04/r252.pdf>.
47. Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights; 2005, op cit, paras 110–1.
48. Ashworth A, Gardner J, Morgan R, Smith ATH, von Hirsch A, Wasik, M. Neighbouring on the Oppressive: The Government’s ‘Anti-Social Behaviour Order’ Proposals; 1998, 16(1) Criminal Justice 7, cited in Stuart Macdonald, 2006, op cit, p. 189 & 9.
49. Crime and Disorder Act 1998, s 1(1).
50. Home Office, Draft Guidance Document: Anti-Social Behaviour Orders; 1998, para 3.5.
51. Home Office, Anti-Social Behaviour Orders – Guidance, London; 1999, para 2.1.
52. <www.crimereduction.gov.uk/asbos/asbos2(cjs)sept05.xls>.
53. Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights; 2005, op cit, para 118.
54. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4935606.stm>.
55. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4654084.stm>.

56. Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights; 2005, op cit, para 120. Article 8 states: “(1) Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. (2) There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.”.

57. Which gives every child accused of a criminal offence the right, “To have his or her privacy fully respected at all stages of the proceedings” – <www.ohchr.org/english/law/pdf/crc.pdf>.
58. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/somerset/4499797.stm>.
59. Hansard. 14 July 2005, Cols 1210W & 1211W <www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmhansrd/cm050714/text/50714w16.htm#column_1210>.
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61. <www.mind.org.uk/News+policy+and+campaigns/Campaigns/Do+you+have+ASBO+concerns.htm>.
62. NAPO, 2005, op cit, Cases 69 & 70.
63. British Institute for Brain Injured Children. Ain’t misbehavin’: Young People with Learning and Communication Difficulties and Anti-Social Behaviour, London; November 2005, <www.bibic.org.uk/newsite/general/pdfs/campaign%20update.pdf>.
64. Siobhan Campbell, A Review of Anti-Social Behaviour Orders, Home Office Research Study 236; January 2002, p. 13, <www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hors236.pdf>.
65. Home Office, A Guide to Anti-Social Behaviour Orders and Acceptable Behaviour Contracts, London, 2002, p. 8.
66. Chief Constable of Lancashire v Potter [2003] EWHC Admin 2272 <www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2003/74.html>.
67. Criminal Justice Act 1982, s 71.
68. Jones H, Sagar T. Crime and Disorder Act 1998: Prostitution and the Anti-Social Behaviour Order [2001] Criminal Law Review 873, 882.

69. Department of Health, Draft Mental Health Bill, September 2004, Cm 6305-I; Ibid, Draft Mental Health Bill: Explanatory Notes; June 2004, Cm 6305-II; Ibid, Improving Mental Health Law: Towards a New Mental Health Act; September 2004. See also: Department of Health; June 2002, Draft Mental Health Bill, Cm 5538, <www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/07/47/22/04074722.pdf>; Department of Health, December 2000, Reforming the Mental Health Act: Part I – The new legal framework, Cm 5016 <www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/05/89/14/04058914.pdf>; Department of Health; December 2000, Reforming the Mental Health Act: Part II High Risk Patients, Cm 5016-II <www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/05/89/15/04058915.pdf>; Department of Health; November 1999, Review of the Mental Health Act 1983: Report of the Expert Committee <www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/06/26/14/04062614.pdf>; Department of Health; November 1999, Reform of the Mental Health Act 1983: Proposals for Consultation, Cm 4480 <www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/08/57/76/04085776.pdf>. See also: David Hewitt. Good in parts, New Law Journal; 5 July 2002, p. 1016; David Hewitt, Treatability tests, Solicitors Journal; 4 October 2002, p. 886–7; David Hewitt, Uncomfortable truths, New Law Journal; 2 May 2003, p. 661–2; David Hewitt, Between necessity and chance, New Law Journal; 16 April 2004, p. 584–5; David Hewitt, Reading between the lines, New Law Journal; 5 November 2004; David Hewitt, Windmills, not giants, Solicitors Journal; 5 November 2004, p. 1271–2; David Hewitt, To improve, not bury, the Draft Mental Health Bill, New Law Journal; 15 April 2005, p. 561; David Hewitt, Mind games, Solicitors Journal; 12 August 2005, p. 966; David Hewitt, Saving face? New Law Journal; 14 April 2006, p. 613; David Hewitt, A suitable case for treatment? New Law Journal; 23 June 2006, p. 1008–9; David Hewitt, Mental health compulsion: New rights and responsibilities, Clinical Risk; 2006, 12, p. 175–9.
70. Department of Health, September 2004, op cit, cl 15(3)(b) & (4).
71. Department of Health, June 2006, General information about the Mental Health Act 1983, Briefing Sheet A7 <www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/13/57/08/04135708.pdf>.
72. Department of Health, June 2006, Supervised Community Treatment, Briefing Sheet A3 <www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/13/54/35/04135435.pdf>.
73. Joint Committee on the Draft Mental Health Bill, Press notice No 7; 22 March 2005, Session 2004-05 <www.parliament.uk/parliamentary_committees/jcdmhb/jcdmhb_07.cfm>.